Ingredients

Supports phospholipid synthesis and acetylcholine production in the brain. Studied for its role in attention, memory, and mental processing during sustained cognitive demand.

PS is essential for neuron communication, neuroinflammation reduction, and maintaining membrane integrity, with studies showing potential to improve cognitive decline in the elderly.

Supplementation is associated with reduced cortisol levels, which helps manage stress and improve recovery after exercise

While it can be produced in the body, it is primarily obtained through diet or supplementation (formerly derived from bovine brain, now mostly from plant-based sources like soy or sunflower)

Phosphatidylserine is considered safe and well-tolerated, though it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider for specific conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

Associated with increased alpha-wave activity in the brain. Studied for its ability to reduce perceived stress while maintaining alertness and attentional control.

Cognitive Function & Memory: Higher blood levels of B6 are associated with better memory, especially in older adults.

Neurotransmitter Synthesis: B6 is critical for producing neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which regulate mood and cognitive function.

Homocysteine Reduction: B6 helps manage homocysteine levels, an amino acid associated with cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia.

Neurological Health: Deficiency can lead to neurological issues such as seizures, migraines, and chronic pain.

Supplementation Effects: While deficiency affects brain health, studies on supplementation for cognitive improvement have produced mixed results, with some research indicating no significant benefit in healthy older adults.

Dosage & Risks: Excess intake (often >100–200 mg/dayis greater than 100 – 200 mg/day>100–200 mg/day) can cause nerve damage (sensory neuropathy). 

Cognitive Function & Neuroprotection: Folate is essential for DNA synthesis, repair, and brain structural integrity. Studies show low folate levels are associated with a 68% higher risk of dementia and increased brain atrophy.

Mood Regulation & Mental Health: Folate supports the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. Low levels are linked to depression, anxiety, irritability, and cognitive impairment.

Brain Aging: Long-term supplementation may slow brain aging and enhance memory, particularly by reducing hippocampus atrophy.

Deficiency Symptoms: Low B9 can lead to brain fog, difficulty concentrating, and increased fatigue.

Sources: Natural folate is found in leafy greens, asparagus, beans, and nuts. Folic acid is the synthetic form found in fortified cereals and supplements. 

Cognitive Function & Key Functions: B12 maintains neuron health and aids in producing myelin, a protein that insulates nerve cells for proper signal transmission. It is also involved in DNA replication and brain development.

Cognitive Decline & Dementia: Low levels of B12 can cause brain atrophy (loss of neurons) and are associated with memory loss, dementia, and Alzheimer’s.

Mental Health: Deficiency can contribute to depression, anxiety, apathy, and cognitive impairment.

"Normal" Level Risks: New studies indicate that even if B12 levels are within the "normal" range, they might be too low for optimal brain health, potentially leading to slower brain speed and increased white matter lesions in older adults.

Risk Factors for Deficiency: Older adults, vegetarians, and people with gastrointestinal issues (like Crohn's or celiac disease) are at higher risk of inadequate B12 absorption.

Supplementation: While severe deficiencies cause serious, sometimes irreversible, neurological damage, early supplementation can often reverse symptoms.